BTL Biotechno Labs Pvt. Ltd.: A leading Supplier of Antibodies in India

Antibodies are a blood glycoprotein produced by the immune system in response to or counteracting a specific foreign body, also known as antigens (which could be viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites). Each antibody has a Y-shaped structure with four polypeptide chains, including two heavy and two light. The immune system identifies the foreign substances when they enter the body via the molecules present on the surface of the antigens. In response to the antigens, the immune system initiates a cascade of events, including one of the most important—antibody production. B lymphocytes (or B cells) are specialised white blood cells that produce antibodies. Once an antigen binds to the B-cell surface, it stimulates B-cell division and matures into a group of identical cells called a clone. The mature B cells, called plasma cells, secrete millions of antibodies into the bloodstream and lymphatic system.

At BTL Biotechno Labs Pvt. Ltd., we take great pride in providing our clients with access to cutting-edge tools and resources. We aim to facilitate the progress of scientific studies and enable researchers in India to contribute to significant scientific breakthroughs. BTL Biotechno Labs Pvt. Ltd. offers the most comprehensive range of antibodies including Polyclonal Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies, Antibody Matched Pair, ChiP Antibodies, FITC Antibodies, IHC Antibodies, Phospho Specific Antibodies, Viral Antibodies, SARS CoV2 Antibodies, Chikungunya Antibodies, Plant Antibodies, Tag Antibodies, Loading Control, Isotype Control and Nanobodies. These antibodies play a pivotal role in advancing research across diverse disciplines such as Cancer, Epigenetics, Inflammation, Immunology, Cell Signaling, Cell Structure, Neuroscience, Diabetes, Apoptosis, Infectious Disease, Stem Cell Research and many more.

Antibody Structure & its Classification

Each antibody molecule shares structural similarities with the antigen receptor of the B cell that produced it. These proteins have a flexible Y-shaped basic structure made up of two pairs of polypeptide chains (lengths of amino acids connected by peptide bonds). Each arm of the Y is made up of the remaining portion of a heavy chain and a smaller protein known as the light chain, while the stem is made up of one end of each of two similar heavy chains. Additionally, the two light chains are the same. The stem and the bottom of the arms are quite identical within specific classes of antibodies; therefore, they are known as the constant area.

Antibodies are classified into five distinct classes based on their constant region: IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE (here Ig represents immunoglobulin).

IgG: These antibodies are readily available in the circulatory system . They can pass through the placenta or blood vessels to protect a foetus. Gamma chains are the heavy chain type in IgG.

IgM: These immunoglobulins are the largest of all of the immunoglobulins. They are made up of five Y-shaped sections with two light chains and two heavy chains and are joined together by a J chain, which is a type of connecting element. As the first immune cells to react to new antigens in the body, IgM molecules play a significant role in the primary immune response. IgM uses mu chains as their heavy chain type.

IgA: These antibodies are primarily found in bodily fluids, including sweat, saliva, and mucus, preventing antigens from infecting cells and getting into the circulatory system. Alpha chains are the heavy chain type in IgA.

IgD: The role of these antibodies in immunological reactions is still not known and they are located on the surface membranes of mature B cells. The heavy chain type in IgD is a delta chain.

IgE: These antibodies, which are mostly present in mucus and saliva, are involved in allergic reactions to antigens. Epsilon chains are the heavy chains seen in IgE.

Types of Antibodies Available at BTL Biotechno Labs Pvt. Ltd. at Competitive Prices

Phosphospecific antibodies: These are polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies that have been affinity-purified and are monospecific for phosphorylated target proteins. These antibodies provide vital information for the study of complex cascade of signal transduction events.

Polyclonal & Monoclonal Antibodies: Polyclonal antibodies are the heterogeneous group of antibodies having capable of targeting multiple epitopes of the same antigen whereas Monoclonal antibodies are the homogenous group of the antibodies targeting single epitope of the antigen.

ChiP Antibodies: Antibodies are used to capture proteins in ChiP, where ideally the interacting DNA should be fully characterized.

FITC Antibodies: A fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated (FITC) antibody A fluorescent molecular marker with excellent specificity for either a specific protein or a primary antibody. They are widely used in immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and tests of enzyme and protein activity to identify proteins.

Tag Antibodies: Antibodies are an important tool for determining the localization and expression of target proteins and for purification in the presence of numerous other proteins in living organisms. However, antibodies specific to a target protein are not always readily available. The target protein can then be expressed in the living organism, and via genetic engineering techniques, a tag (marker) can be added to the protein. A specific epitope tag on an antibody can distinguish the target protein from other similar proteins.

Loading Control Antibodies: These are the antibodies that are expressed by the housekeeping genes. They exhibit high-level, constitutive expression in a specific cell type or sample. The band density of these loading controls can be used for the quantification of protein expression when lanes have been unevenly loaded. These controls aid in the assessment of equal transfer between gel and membrane in western blot experiments. These are crucial in producing reliable results when comparing levels of protein expression in different samples. These loading controls need to have a different molecular weight from the protein of interest (to allow clear and separate bands). They have applications in techniques like IHC, IF, Western blotting, ELISA, etc.

Nanobodies: They are a unique recombinant monoclonal antibody obtained from an IgG variant of camelid, consisting of a single heavy-chain variable domain with strong specificity for antigen.

Applications

Medical Diagnostics

• The applications of antibodies in medical diagnostics are highly useful. Through numerous biochemical techniques, the detection and quantification of antibodies specific to disease are made possible.
• The majority of immunodiagnostic techniques, like ELISA, use antibodies to identify specific antigens responsible for the disease.
• An increase in the levels of certain immunoglobulins can be used to analyse a patient's antibody profile in clinical immunology.
• Antibodies that can bind to human chorionic gonadotropin are useful in over-the-counter pregnancy test kits.

Immunotherapy

• Immunodeficiencies like hypogammaglobulinemia are treated with antibodies. Here, patients receive ready-made antibodies to promote passive immunity.
• Several diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and malignancies such as breast and colorectal cancer, are commonly treated with monoclonal antibodies. The US Food and Drug Administration has so far approved about a dozen monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of cancer. More monoclonal antibodies are being developed through clinical trials in an effort to treat more cancer types.

The high specificity and sensitivity of antibodies are a true advantage in biomedical research applications and are therefore essential for several research techniques: Immunosorbent assays, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry/Immunoprecipitation assays, in-vivo applications, and flow cytometry

BTL Biotechno Labs Pvt. Ltd. is formed with the aim of serving the scientific community by providing innovative, reliable, and high-quality research products at an affordable price with expert technical support. We strive to cater leading-edge tools, products, and services for applications across human health, agriculture, biopharma, animal health, forensics, the environment, energy, and much more to researchers and innovation-focused organizations. We are the top supplier of antibodies in India and offer an extensive range of antibodies for the identification of thousands of different proteins and molecules like growth factors, drugs, cytokines, biomarkers for diabetes, infectious diseases, cancerous cells, small molecules, and many more. For the quick, easy, and precise detection and quantification of study targets, antibodies are an excellent research tool. BTL Biotechno Labs Pvt. Ltd. also provides antibody customization services at reasonable prices. By offering this comprehensive range of antibodies, we aim to equip scientists with the necessary tools to delve deeper into their research and unlock new insights.